Volume 17, Number 4, August 31, 2007

View PDF [ 30 KB]

Item H0418

American Journal On Mental Retardation

Vol. 112, No. 3, May 2007

Phonological Awareness / Word Identification

Phonological Awareness And Rapid Naming Predict Word Attack And Word Identification In Adults With Mild Mental Retardation, K. J. Saunders, et al. ...... Page 155

Happiness / Microswitches

Effects Of Microswitch-Based Programs On Indices Of Happiness Of Students With Multiple Disabilities: A New Research Evaluation, G. E. Lancioni, et al. ...... Page 167

Vocabulary / Fragile X Syndrome / Speech Production

Receptive Vocabulary, Expressive Vocabulary, And Speech Production Of Boys With Fragile X Syndrome In Comparison To Boys With Down Syndrome, J. Roberts, et al. ...... Page 177

Williams Syndrome / Affective Skills / Imitative Behaviour

Emotional Responsivity In Young Children With Williams Syndrome, D. J. Fidler, et al. ...... Page 194

Delinquent Behaviour / Antisocial Behaviour

Antisocial And Delinquent Behaviors In Youths With Mild Or Borderline Disabilities, J. C. H. Douma, et al. ...... Page 207

Sex Abuse / Risk Assessment

A Structured Method Of Assessing Dynamic Risk Factors Among Sexual Abusers With Intellectual Disabilities, R. J. McGrath, et al. ...... Page 221

Item H0418

Canadian Journal Of Program Evaluation

Vol. 21, No. 3, 2006

Canada / Program Evaluation

Evaluation Practice In Canada: Results Of A National Survey, B. Gauthier, et al. ...... Page 1

Performance Measurement / Program Evaluation

Will Evaluation Prosper In The Future?, J. C. McDavid, et al. ...... Page 47

Results Measurement / Program Evaluation

Evaluation Can Cross The Boundaries: The Case Of Transport Canada, G. Young ...... Page 73

Program Evaluation / Professional Trends

Studies Are Not Enough: The Necessary Transformation Of Evaluation, J. Mayne, et al. ...... Page 93

Program Evaluation / Professionalization

The Role Of Culture And The Future Of Evaluation Function: Considerations And Key Questions, T. Hunt ...... Page 121

Item H0419

Closing The Gap

Vol. 25, No. 1, April/May 2006

Portable Computers / Technology Accessibility

Integrating Handheld Computers In The General Education Curriculum For Students With Special Needs, C. Cos, et al. ...... Page 1

AAC Tools / Evaluation

Building And Utilizing An AAC Evaluation Toolkit And Process, L. Rush, et al. ...... Page 1

Organization Profile / Computer Resources

The Alliance For Technology Access: Founded On The Collaboration, Focused On The Future, A. Wing ...... Page 4

High School / Assistive Technology

Integrating Assistive Technology Exploration Into The Post-ITT High School Transition Curriculum, L. F. Bassett ...... Page 16

Dyslexia / Tracking Skills / Software

Dyslexia: Strategies For Success: Developing And Consolidating Tracking Skills Through ICT, C. DeGraft-Hanson ...... Page 18

Portable Word Processors / Writing Tools

Technology Solutions For Struggling Writers: A Spotlight On Portable Word Processors, A. Banton, et al. ...... Page 20

Screen Capture Software / Technical Support

Capture It: Providing on-Demand Support For Technology Use, B. Wojcik ...... Page 27

Item H0420

Focus On Autism And Other Developmental Disabilities

Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring 2007

Autism / Self-Management

Effects And Implications Of Self-Management For Students With Autism: A Meta-Analysis, S.-H. Lee, et al. ...... Page 2

Autism / Procedural Learning

Procedural Learning Of A Visual Sequence In Individuals With Autism, B. Gordon, et al. ...... Page 14

Autism / PECS / Deaf

The Application Of PECS In A Deaf Child With Autism: A Case Study, G. A. Malandraki, et al. ...... Page 23

Autism / Early Intervention

The Utility Of The Social Communication Questionnaire In Screening For Autism In Children Referred For Early Intervention, L. D. Wiggins, et al. ...... Page 33

Autism / Parent Advocacy / China

Parent Advocacy In The Face Of Adversity: Autism And Families In The People's Republic Of China, H. McCabe ...... Page 39

Autism / Standardized Assessments

Incorporating Interests And Structure To Improve Participation Of A Child With Autism In A Standardized Assessment: A Case Study Analysis, J. J. Vacca ...... Page 51

Item H0421

Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities

Vol. 45, No. 2, April 2007

Criminal Justice System / Attitudes Towards Disabilities

Attitudes Of Juvenile Justice Staff Towards Intellectual, Psychiatric, And Physical Disabilities, A. C. Caldwell ...... Page 77

End Of Life Decisions / Resuscitation / Medical Ethics

Factors That Impact Resuscitation Preferences For Young People With Severe Developmental Disabilities, S. Friedman, et al. ...... Page 90

Down Syndrome / Maternal Attitudes / Prenatal Screening

Attitudes Of Mothers Towards Their Child With Down Syndrome Before And After The Introduction Of Prenatal Diagnosis, W. Lenhard, et al. ...... Page 98

Video Interactions Counseling

Effects Of Videorecorded Interactions And Counseling For Teachers On Their Responses To Preschoolers With Intellectual Impairments, G. M. Van Der Aalsvoort, et al. ...... Page 103

Terminology / Construct Of Disability

The Renaming Of Mental Retardation: Understanding The Change To The Term Intellectual Disability, R. L. Schalock, et al. ...... Page 116

Professional Dispositions / Service Providers

Taking Risks: Creating Powerful Dispositions For Professionals Working With People Who Have Developmental Disabilities And Their Families, P. Smith ...... Page 125

End Of Life Decisions / Dementia

End-Of-Life Care Challenges For Persons With Intellectual Disability And Dementia: Making Decisions About Tube Feeding, M. McCarron, et al. ...... Page 128

Terminology / History

From Whence Came Mental Retardation? Asking Why While Saying Goodbye, J. D. Smith, et al. ...... Page 132

Autism / Treatment Efficacy

Counter The Mistreatments For Autism With Professional Integrity, C. S. Holburn ...... Page 136

Social Role Valorization

The Fruitlessness Of Trying To Convey Competencies To People While Ignoring Their Image, W. Wolfensberger ...... Page 138

False Confessions / Wrongful Convictions

Gisli Gudjonsson's Penchant For Corroboration, R. Perske ...... Page 140

Statistics / Trends / Institutions

State Institution Populations In 2006 Less Than 80% Of 40 Years Earlier; "Real Dollar" Per Person Costs More Than 10 Times Greater, R. Prouty, et al. ...... Page 143

Item H0422

International Journal Of Rehabilitation Research

Vol. 30, No. 1, March 2007

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Hemiplegia

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy In Hemiplegia, N. K. O. Gokkaya, et al. ...... Page 275

Cerebral Palsy / Parental Well-Being

Parent-to-Parent Counseling - A Gateway For Developing Positive Mental Health For The Parents Of Children That Have Cerebral Palsy With Multiple Disabilities, A. Palit, et al. ...... Page 281

Patient Satisfaction / Germany

Factors Contributing To Patient Satisfaction With Medical Rehabilitation In German Hospitals, I. Haase, et al. ...... Page 289

Cardiac Rehabilitation / Follow-Up Intervention

Outcomes Of Cardiac Rehabilitation With Versus Without A Follow-Up Intervention Rendered by Telephone (Luebeck Follow-Up Trial): Overall And Gender-Specific Effects, O. Mittag, et al. ...... Page 295

Physical Therapy / Medicare Delisting

Assessing The Consequences Of Delisting Publicly Funded Community-Based Physical Therapy On Self-Reported Health In Ontario, Canada: A Prospective Cohort Study, M. D. Landry, et al. ...... Page 303

Stroke / Thailand

Informal Stroke Rehabilitation: What Do Thai Caregivers Perform?, P. Jullamate, et al. ...... Page 309

Physical Activity / Rheumatoid Arthritis

Using The Actigraph To Measure Physical Activity Of People With Disabilities: An Investigation Into Measurement Issues, S. Khemthong, et al. ...... Page 315

HIV / AIDS / Deaf

HIV/AIDS And Disability: A Pilot Survey Of HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among A Deaf Population In Swaziland, N. Groce, et al. ...... Page 319

Amputation / Long-Term Survival / Diabetes

Dysvascular Amputations And Long-Term Survival In A 20-Year Follow-Up Study, L. B. Ebskov ...... Page 325

Stroke / Pain / Fatigue

Prevalence And Predictors Of Pain And Fatigue After Stroke: A Population-Based Study, P. Appelros ...... Page 329

Stroke / Urinary Incontinence

Impact Of Stroke Etiology, Lesion Location And Aging On Post-Stroke Urinary Incontinence As A Predictor Of Functional Recovery, N. Turhan, et al. ...... Page 335

Stroke / Orthostatic Hypotension

Orthostatic Hypotension And Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity In The Rehabilitation Of Stroke Patients, I. Treger, et al. ...... Page 339

Vocabulary Training / Kindergarten

Computer Vocabulary Training In Kindergarten Children With Special Needs, E. Segers, et al. ...... Page 343

Tetraplegia / Wheelchair Posture

The Consequences Of Increasing Age And Duration Of Injury Upon The Wheelchair Posture Of Men With Tetraplegia, D. Amsters, et al. ...... Page 347

Gait / Motor Imagery Practice

Motor Imagery Practice In Gait Rehabilitation Of Chronic Post-Stroke Hemiparesis: Four Case Studies, A. Dunsky, et al. ...... Page 351

Stroke / Motor Function Assessment

The Discriminative Power Of The Wolf Motor Function Test In Assessing Upper Extremity Functions In Persons With Stroke, J. H. Y. Ang, et al. ...... Page 357

Item H0423

Journal Of Applied Behavior Analysis

Vol. 40, No. 2, Summer 2007

Reading Skills / Parent Tutoring

Improving Reading Outcomes For Children With Learning Disabilities: Using Brief Experimental Analysis To Develop Parent-Tutoring Interventions, V. J. Gortmaker, et al. ...... Page 203

Math Skills / Peer Tutoring

Teaching Math Skills To at-Risk Students Using Home Based Peer Tutoring, K. H. Mayfield, et al. ...... Page 223

Bicycle Helmets

Impact Of A Comprehensive Safety Program On Bicycle Helmet Use Among Middle-School Children, R. Van Houten, et al. ...... Page 239

Preschool Children / Motivation

Evaluating Preschool Children's Preferences For Motivational Systems During Instruction, N. A. Heal, et al. ...... Page 249

Autism / Stereotypic Behaviour

Assessing And Treating Vocal Stereotypy In Children With Autism, W. H. Ahearn, et al. ...... Page 263

Life Skills / Preschool Children

Evaluation Of A Classwide Teaching Program For Developing Preschool Life Skills, G. P. Hanley, et al. ...... Page 277

Waste Reduction / Proenvironmental Behaviour

A Diagnostic Approach To Increase Reusable Dinnerware Selection In A Cafeteria, J. C. Manuel, et al. ...... Page 301

Matching Law / Basketball

Further Analysis Of The Matching Law To Describe Two- And Three-Point Shot Allocation by Professional Basketball Players, P. Romanowich, et al. ...... Page 311

On-Task Behaviour / Teacher Attention

Effects Of Teacher Greetings On Student On-Task Behavior, R. A. Allday, et al. ...... Page 317

Disruptive Behaviour / Noncompliance

Effects Of Antecedent Variables On Disruptive Behavior And Accurate Responding In Young Children In Outpatient Settings, E. W. Boelter, et al. ...... Page 321

Play / Peer Modeling

Antecedent Effects Of Observing Peer Play, J. L. Bruzek, et al. ...... Page 327

Problem Behaviour / Functional Analysis

A Comparison Of Outcomes From Descriptive And Functional Analyses Of Problem Behavior, R. H. Thompson, et al. ...... Page 333

Stereotypic Behaviour / Autism / Discrete-Trial Teaching

Reducing Student Stereotypy by Improving Teachers' Implementation Of Discrete-Trial Teaching, N. Dib, et al. ...... Page 339

Asperger Syndrome / Writing Skills / Video Modeling

Improving Written Language Performance Of Adolescents With Asperger Syndrome, M. E. Delano ...... Page 345

Peer Tutoring / Autism / Social Interaction

The Effects Of Scripted Peer Tutoring And Programming Common Stimuli On Social Interactions Of A Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder, A. L. Petursdottir, et al. ...... Page 353

Mobile Computing / Data Collection

A Mobile Computing Solution For Collecting Functional Analysis Data On A Pocket PC, J. Jackson, et al. ...... Page 359

Differential Reinforcement

Does Love Or Differential Reinforcement Open Doors, H. D. Schlinger ...... Page 385

Item H0424

Journal Of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling

Vol. 38, No. 1, Spring 2007

Rehabilitation Outcomes / Discrimination / Minorities

Outcome Discrepancies Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Consumers Of Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Summary And Critique Of The Literature, S. LeBlanc, et al. ...... Page 3

Race / African Americans

The Centrality Of Race In Rehabilitation: Views Of Former Clients Who Are African American, R. J. Alston, et al. ...... Page 12

Aging / Employment / Older Workers

Age, Work, And Disability: Rehabilitation at The End Of The Worklife, M. Barros-Bailey, et al. ...... Page 20

Depression / Mood Disorders / Discrimination

Gender, Race, And Depressive/Mood Disorders: An Analysis Of State-Federal Rehabilitation Outcomes, J. Schaller, et al. ...... Page 32

Burnout / Stress

Job Burnout Among Public Rehabilitation Counselors, M. C. Templeton, et al. ...... Page 39

Item H0425

Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin

Vol. 50, No. 3, Spring 2007

Urban Youth / Employment / Transition

Urban Youth With Disabilities: Factors Affecting Transition Employment, E. S. Fabian ...... Page 130

Multiple Sclerosis / Workplace Discrimination

Workplace Discrimination Outcomes And Their Predictive Factors For Adults With Multiple Sclero
sis, R. T. Roessler, et al. ...... Page 139

Attitudes Toward Disability / Mexico / Latinos

Living On The Line: Mexican And Mexican American Attitudes Toward Disability, N. M. Graf, et al. ...... Page 153

Assessment / Attitudes Towards Disabilities

The Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities (MAS): Construction And Validation, L. Findler, et al. ...... Page 166

Psychometric Methodology

Modern Psychometric Methodology: Applications Of Item Response Theory, C. A. Reid, et al. ...... Page 177

Item H0426

Research In Developmental Disabilities

Vol. 28, No. 3, May-June 2007

Toxoplasmosis / Iran

Seroepidemiological Study Of Toxoplasmosis In Intellectual Disability Children In Rehabilitation Centers Of Northern Iran, M. Sharif, et al. ...... Page 219

Fear / Anxiety

Development Of The Fear Survey For Adults With Mental Retardation, S. Z. Ramirez, et al. ...... Page 225

Destructive Behaviour / Matching Law

Matching Analysis Of Socially Appropriate And Destructive Behavior In Developmental Disabilities, J. Hoch, et al. ...... Page 238

Visual Impairment / Inferential Functioning

Inferential Functioning In Visually Impaired Children, R. Puche-Navarro, et al. ...... Page 249

Stereotypy / Autism

Stereotypy In Young Children With Autism And Typically Developing Children, R. Macdonald, et al. ...... Page 266

Community Inclusion / Community Participation

Community Involvement And Socialization Among Individuals With Mental Retardation, A. L. Kampert, et al. ...... Page 278

Autism / Early Intervention

The Effects Of Intellectual Functioning And Autism Severity On Outcome Of Early Behavioral Intervention For Children With Autism, E. Ben-Itzchak, et al. ...... Page 287

Snoezelen / Autism

Effects Of A Snoezelen Room On The Behavior Of Three Autistic Clients, S. A. McKee, et al. ...... Page 304

Autism / Episodic Memory

Episodic Memory In Adults With Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Recall For Self-Versus Other-Experienced Events, D. J. Hare, et al. ...... Page 317

Item H0427

The SRV Journal

Vol. 1, No. 2, December 2006

Social Role Valorization / Addiction Services

Chronic Criminal Disease: An SRV-Based Critique Of Drug Addiction Services, S. Hartfiel ...... Page 7

Social Role Valorization / Nonviolent Social Change

SRV And NVA: Valorizing Social Roles Through Nonviolent Action, B. Martin ...... Page 25

Social Role Valorization / Parental Perspectives

Jake's Story: Through An SRV Lens, A. Quinn ...... Page 34

Social Role Valorization / Residential Services

Interview: Chris Liuzzo, Director Of Residential Services At The Rensselaer County Chapter ARC (New York, USA), G. Caruso ...... Page 39

Social Role Valorization / Basketball Coaching

Another Social Role Valorization Lesson Drawn From The Public Media, S. Thomas ...... Page 48

Social Role Valorization / Christmas Story

Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer: A 1939 Christmas Story On The Positive Influence Of A Valued Social Role, C. Cignoni ...... Page 50

Grieving / Social Involvement

Where Were We?, J. Brunault ...... Page 52

Human Services / Social Networks

More Willing Citizens Needed, E. Wilson ...... Page 55

PASSING / Leadership

Preparation For Introductory PASSING Team Leaders: An Example Of SRV Leadership Development, M. Tumeinski ...... Page 66

Volume 17, Number 4, August 31, 2007

View PDF [ 30 KB]

Book - Item H0401

Controversial Therapies For Developmental Disabilities:
Fad, Fashion And Science In Professional Practice

J. W. Jacobson, et al.

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005, 505 pages

One of the largest and most complex human services systems in Western nations has evolved to address the needs of people with developmental disabilities. In the U.S., for example, school budgets are stretched thin by legally mandated special education, and billions of Medicaid dollars annually are consumed by residential and professional services to this population. The temptation of a quick fix is strong. Many parents desperately seek the latest ideas and place pressure on program administrators, who often are not trained to think critically about the evidence base for intervention efforts. Thus, families and their children are buffeted by reforms founded on belief and ideologically driven management. Services fluctuate with the currents of social movements and rapidly shifting philosophies of care as policymakers and providers strive for increased responsiveness and individualization. What approaches represent wastes of time, effort, and resources? This book brings together leading behavioral scientists and practitioners to focus light on the major controversies surrounding these questions. The authors review the origins, perpetuation, and resistance to scrutiny of questionable practices, and offer a clear rationale for appraising the quality of services.

Contents:

Book - Item H0402

Hollow Promises:
Employment Discrimination Against People With Mental Disabilities

S. Stefan

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2002, 278 pages

Although passed into law with high expectations, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has mostly failed in enabling those with mental disabilities to fight discrimination in the workplace. In this book, the author explores the reasons for this failure and points to how the courts, government, and employers may finally make good on the ADA's seemingly hollow promises. This book identifies the difficulties that people with mental disabilities may have in finding and keeping employment and how the ADA has affected this problem. Those with mental disabilities, like most people, want to work to support themselves and find respect and personal fulfillment. But because of deep-rooted prejudices against those with disabilities, obtaining and holding a job can be an epic task. Filled with detailed descriptions of employment cases and sharp analysis of the law, this book is essential reading for lawyers, employers, therapists, people with mental disabilities, and all those seeking just employment practice.

Contents:

Reprint - Item H0403

Screening Tests For Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

J. E. Wilkinson, et al.

Journal of the American Board Of Family Medicine, 2007, Vol. 20, No. 4, 399-407 (Reprint # 6271)

Adults with intellectual disabilities need thoughtful, well-coordinated primary care from family physicians. However, evidence-based screening recommendations are lacking. We examined screening recommendations for common preventable conditions using the US Preventative Service Task Force guidelines. We also reviewed the literature about the prevalence of these conditions in adults with intellectual disabilities. Obesity, osteoporosis, and smoking are more prevalent in adults with intellectual disabilities, and enhanced screening for these conditions is recommended. Abnormal Papanicolaou smears and cervical cancer are less common in adults with intellectual disabilities and screening recommendations should be individualized. We also discussed strategies to make screening procedures less stressful for these patients.

Reprint - Item H0404

A National Study Of Youth Attitudes Toward The Inclusion Of Students With Intellectual Disabilities

G. N. Siperstein, et al.

Exceptional Children, 2007 Vol. 73, No. 4, 435-455 (Reprint # 6272)

The authors surveyed a national random sample of 5,837 middle school students on their attitudes toward the inclusion of peers with intellectual disabilities (ID). The national sample provided results that were accurate, with a margin of error of ± 1.4%. Findings indicated that youth (a) have limited contact with students with ID in their classrooms and school; (b) perceive students with ID as moderately impaired rather than mildly impaired; (c) believe that students with ID can participate in nonacademic classes, but not in academic classes; (d) view inclusion as having both positive and negative effects; and (e) do not want to interact socially with a peer with ID, particularly outside school. Structural equation modeling showed that youths' perceptions of the competence of students with ID significantly influence their willingness to interact with these students and their support of inclusion.

Reprint - Item H0405

Psychiatric Syndromes Comorbid With Mental Retardation:
Differences In Cognitive And Adaptive Skills

S. F. Di Nuovo, et al.

Journal Of Psychiatric Research, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 9, 795-800 (Reprint # 6273)

This study concerns the specific cognitive and adaptive skills of persons dually diagnosed with mental retardation (MR) and comorbid pathologies, as schizophrenia, personality and mood disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, epilepsy and ADHD. The sample was composed of 182 subjects, diagnosed as mild or moderate MR level, age range from 6 years 8 months to 50 years 2 months, mean age 17.1 (standard deviation 7.9). All the subjects were inpatients in a specialized structure for the diagnosis and the treatment of MR. The instruments of the study were Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R or WISC-R according to the chronological age of subjects) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). Results confirm that comorbidity is a factor differentiating among mentally retarded subjects. Both verbal processes requiring memory retrieval and visuo-spatial processes are involved as differentiating features. ADHD strongly increases the impairment of cognitive skills, while behavioral disorders are less damaging in MR performance. In adult samples, the differentiating role of comorbid syndromes in MR individuals is reduced for cognitive skills, and limited to some basic verbal abilities, more impaired in mood disorder, less in schizophrenic disorder. The areas of adaptation and socialization, motor and daily living skills, are impaired more in generalized development disturbances than in comorbid schizophrenic and personality and mood disorders. An accurate psychological assessment of dual diagnoses is useful in detecting the specific underlying processes differentiating the comorbid syndromes, and in planning an appropriate rehabilitative treatment.

Reprint - Item H0406

An Evaluation Of In Situ Training To Teach Sexual Abuse Prevention Skills To Women With Mental Retardation

K. R. Egemo-Helm, et al.

Behavioral Interventions, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 2, 99-119 (Reprint # 6274)

The current study evaluated a behavioral skills training (BST) program in combination with in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to five women with mild to moderate mental retardation. In situ assessments were conducted following BST and in situ training sessions were conducted for those who were unable to demonstrate the skills in the natural setting. The results showed that generalization of the safety skills to the natural setting occurred for three of the five participants following one to two in situ training sessions. One participant required 12 in situ training sessions and three booster training sessions to reach criterion level. Three of four participants assessed 1 month following training maintained the skills.

Reprint - Item H0407

Stop-Think-Relax:
An Adapted Self-Control Training Strategy For Individuals With Mental Retardation And Coexisting Psychiatric Illness

R. A. Chapman

Cognitive And Behavioral Practice, 2006, Vol. 13, No. 3, 205-214 (Reprint # 6275)

Published self-instructional techniques for stress/anger management for those with mental retardation and developmental disabilities are often impractical due to the demands of complex instructional sequencing and of applying the technique during distressing situations. The development and implementation Of an adopted, self-instructional, self-control technique employing a simple, 3-step method, reinforced by iconic visual cues, will be presented. The application of this strategy in individuals with mental retardation and concurrent mental illness will be reviewed, in 3 detailed clinical cases. The Stop-Think-Relax strategy is a highly versatile and easily taught method for self-control that can be successfully applied in adults with limited cognitive capacities and with coexisting psychiatric features.

Reprint - Item H0408

Working Outside The Box:
Community Currencies, Time Banks And Social Inclusion

G. Seyfang

Journal Of Social Policy, 2004, Vol. 33, No. 1, 49-71 (Reprint # 6276)

A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for `productive engagement in work' (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely `time banks': a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered `valuable work', and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives.

Reprint - Item H0409

The Lived Body - Experiences From Adults With Cerebral Palsy

K. Sandstrom

Clinical Rehabilitation, 2007, Vol. 21, No. 5, 432-441 (Reprint # 6277)

Objective: To get a deeper understanding into how adults with cerebral palsy experience living with a disability and how they manage daily life. Design: Interviews with open-ended questions were carried out. They were analysed by one person according to the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (EPP). Setting and Subjects: Twenty-two community-living adults (35-68 years) with cerebral palsy from five counties in Sweden participated. All had mobility problems and all had cognitive abilities making it possible to carry on a conversation. Results: The varied experiences resulted in themes including (1) perceptions of living with a disability and (2) strategies used for managing the described perceptions. The perceptions were: a dys-appearing body, a not-appearing body, difference, being in-between, normality, restricted autonomy and autonomy. The strategies were: to fight one's way, to plan, to get used to it, to hide and to give one's all. Conclusion: These interviews expressed heterogeneity in lived experiences showing the importance for professionals to meet people with cerebral palsy as individual subjects in relation to functional problems, self-image and autonomy together with seeing the consequences of different coping strategies.

Reprint - Item H0410

Psychological Consequences Of Prenatal Diagnosis In A Case Of Familial Angelman Syndrome

D. Turchetti, et al.

Prenatal Diagnosis, 2006, Vol. 26, No. 12, 1156-1159 (Reprint # 6278)

Angelman Syndrome (AS), characterized by mental retardation, absence of speech, seizures and motor dysfunction, is caused by genetic defects leading to loss of expression of the maternal copy of the chromosome 15q11-13 imprinted region. We describe the case of a pregnant woman having two nephews with AS caused by a UBE3A mutation; lack of communication within the family led the woman to be completely unaware of the risk of disease recurrence until 15 weeks of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid and demonstrated that the fetus had inherited the mutation. The unexpected diagnosis and the subsequent termination of the pregnancy caused the woman to undergo acute psychological distress showing relevant psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, at 2-year follow-up, adverse consequences were minimized, and the couple was planning a new pregnancy. Factors affecting the psychological outcome of abortion and the role of psychological support in reducing the risk of long-term unfavorable consequences are discussed.

Reprint - Item H0411

Co-Occurrence Of Birth Defects And Intellectual Disability

B. Petterson, et al.

Paediatric And Perinatal Epidemiology, 2007, Vol. 21, No. 1, 65-75 (Reprint # 6279)

This study used population-based databases to ascertain birth defects and intellectual disability (ID), defined as full IQ < 70, in children born in Western Australia during 1980-99. Of the children surviving to 1 year (n = 474 285), 4.9% had birth defects and 1.3% ID. ID was identified in 7.9% of children with birth defects. After adjusting for sex, mother's age, race, parity, plurality, birthweight and gestational age the prevalence ratio (PR) for ID in children with birth defects compared with those with no birth defects was 7.6 [7.2, 8.0]. Those with chromosomal anomalies comprised 3.2% of the group with birth defects. The percentage ID in specific categories were: Down's syndrome 97%, sex chromosome anomalies 30.3%, other chromosomal anomalies 64.2%. Birth defects were categorised according to system in the 96.8% of children with non-chromosomal anomalies. Birth defects were present in 30.2% of children with ID (27.7% of children with mild/moderate ID (IQ 40-69) and 54% of children with severe ID (IQ < 40)).

Reprint - Item H0412

Assessment Of Intellectually Disabled Sexual Offenders:
The Current Position

J. A. Keeling, et al.

Aggression And Violent Behavior, 2007, Vol. 12, No. 2, 229-241 (Reprint # 6280)

Treatment relies on appropriate assessment, guided by the `What Works' approach. As such, the assessment of sexual offenders with intellectual disabilities has three primary purposes: addressing the risk, needs, and responsivity principles. The aim of this paper is to examine different assessment methods for this population. Existing risk assessment protocols are discussed, as well as specific dynamic risk assessment tools for sexual offenders with an intellectual disability. The paper also investigates use of existing, adapted and new psychological tests to assess treatment needs. Assessment of responsivity specific to this population is discussed in terms of intellectual and adaptive functioning, as well as comprehension.

Reprint - Item H0413

Multiple Exposure To Life Events And Clinical Psychopathology In Adults With Intellectual Disability

E. Tsakanikos, et al.

Social Psychiatry And Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2007, Vol. 42, No. 1, 24-28 (Reprint # 6281)

Background: Relatively few studies have examined the impact of life events on mental health in the field of intellectual disability (ID), despite the possibility that adults with ID and mental health problems might be particularly vulnerable to multiple events. Aims: To examine the impact of multiple life events on mental health in people with ID. Method: The sample consisted of 281 men and women with ID consecutively referred to a specialist mental health service in South-East London. For each participant, key informants completed the PAS-ADD Life Events list, while psychiatric diagnoses were made by clinicians based on ICD-10 criteria. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that single exposure to life events was significantly associated with female gender, schizophrenia, personality disorders and depression. However, multiple exposure to life events was associated with personality disorder, depression and adjustment reaction. Conclusions: The present results suggest an increased vulnerability to life events in people with ID. A better understanding of the relationship between life events and mental health can enhance the development of interventions, which may benefit substantially this particular population.

Reprint - Item H0414

The Staff Are Your Friends:
Intellectually Disabled Identities In Official Discourse And Interactional Practice

C. Antaki, et al.

British Journal Of Social Psychology, 2007, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1-18 (Reprint # 6282)

Talk between care staff and people with learning disabilities may reveal a conflict between official policy and actual social practice. We explore a case in which care staff are in the process of soliciting residents' views on `relationships'. Ostensibly, this is an empowering part of a group meeting, meant to help the residents understand their relationships with the people around them, and to value those which are positive. However, the talk mutates from solicitation to instruction and, in doing so, provides a vivid case of people with learning disabilities being attributed social rights more limited than is consistent with institutional service policy. We unpack the play of category membership in this episode to illustrate how conflicting agendas can lead to the construction, even in ostensibly empowering encounters, of identities actively disavowed at the level of official discourse.

Reprint - Item H0415

Individual And Developmental Differences In Eyewitness Recall And Suggestibility In Children With Intellectual Disabilities

L. A. Henry, et al.

Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2007, Vol. 21, No. 3, 361-381 (Reprint # 6283)

This study examined two key issues: (1) whether there were developmental improvements in eyewitness memory performance for children with intellectual disabilities (ID); and (2) whether standardised measures of cognitive ability and suggestibility would relate to eyewitness recall and suggestibility. Children with ID and age-matched controls (ages 8/9 and 12 years) watched a video of a crime and were asked a range of open-ended and specific questions about the event in a subsequent interview. Free recall increased between the two age levels for children with and without ID, but at a faster rate for those without ID. For other question types, differences in performance between children with and without ID were far more marked than age differences. Standardised measures of interrogative suggestibility (Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, GSS), verbal IQ, non-verbal IQ, mental age and speed of information processing were related to eyewitness performance. In particular, higher eyewitness recall scores (free recall, non-leading specific questions) were related to higher scores on the standardised GSS free recall measure; and higher eyewitness suggestibility scores were related to higher scores on the standardised GSS suggestibility measures. Mental age was a better predictor of performance on a range of eyewitness memory question types than verbal or nonverbal IQ; and speed of information processing showed some relationships with eyewitness performance.

Reprint - Item H0416

Physical Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disability:
A 30-Year Follow-Up

U. Lahtinen, et al.

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2007, Vol. 24, No. 2, 125-143 (Reprint # 6284)

Physical performance of Finnish adolescents (33 females, 44 males) with moderate intellectual disability (ID) was studied over a 30-year period. This study is an extension of Lahtinen's previous work on documenting the performance of individuals with intellectual disabilities over time. This study consisted of analyzing data from a total of four data collection periods (1973, 1979, 1996, and 2003 in which participants ranged in age from 11-16, 17-22, 34-39 and 41-46 years old, respectively). Improvement from early to late adolescence, and decline during adulthood in abdominal strength/endurance, static balance, and manual dexterity were identified. The male adults with ID were moderately overweight (BMI), but the females with ID were obese. The IQ effect was significant on balance and manual dexterity. The gender differences in adulthood were significant, but differences were not noted for Down syndrome when controlling for IQ.

The Adapted Learning Program is a partnership between the Calgary Board of Education and the VRRI which prepares students for life beyond High School. Our role is to work with high school students to help them with work experience, travel training, transition planning and with setting up volunteerism opportuniities.

The schools that currently offer this program (ALP) are William Aberhart and Lord Beaverbrook in Calgary.

The VRRI’s role in the ALP Program

• Supervision and support for transportation training and community work experience placements 

• Supervised opportunities for students to practice skills in real life settings.

• Meetings  with students and their families to provide transition planning and goal planning and to facilitate ongoing communication with the parents.

• Often parents are not prepared for the many decisions and questions with which  they are faced as their child prepares to leave school.  We can walk  the families through the adult services available, i.e. AISH, PDD, guardianship and provide a resource binder for families.

Typically, future planning starts far too late for adolescents with cognitive disabilities.  This means that instead of utilizing an approach that focuses on the hopes and dreams of the student, the focus becomes searching for and accepting whatever services are available.  When planning starts early, students can discover their dreams and goals, and then the appropriate supports can be found to help students realize their vision.